TEST 1

Earth Science Test 1 Study Guide

Test Date:  Tuesday, Sep.30^th

Study Materials

• Class notes
• Map Reading Activity Sheet:  Topography
• Test 1 Review PowerPoint Presentation

Chapter 1 – Introduction to Earth Science

SECTION 1 SUMMARY

·        The four major branches of Earth science are geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy.

·        Other areas of science that are linked to Earth science are environmental science, geochemistry, ecology, geography, and cartography.

·        Some careers that are associated with branches of Earth science are volcanologist, seismologist, paleontologist, oceanographer, meteorologist, and astronomer.

VOCABULARY

1. Geology

2. Oceanography

3. Meteorology

4. Astronomy

SECTION 2 SUMMARY

·        Scientists begin to learn about the natural world by asking questions.

·        The steps of scientific methods are to ask a question, form a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze the results, draw conclusions, and communicate results.

·        Communicating results allows the evidence to be reviewed for accuracy by other scientists.

·        Scientific investigations often lead people to ask new questions about the topic.

·        Models are used to help us understand the natural world.

·        There are three types of models: physical models, mathematical models, and conceptual models.

·        Scientists must choose the right type of model to learn about a topic.

·        A climate model is a mathematical model with so many variables that powerful computers are needed to process the data.

VOCABULARY

1. Scientific methods

2. Hypothesis

3. Law

4. Theory

Chapter 2 – Topographic Map

Vocabulary

·      topographic map:  a map that shows the elevation of the land by using contour lines

·     index contour lines:  dark lines on the map (they help you count contour lines easier)

·        gradual slope:  represented by lines that are spread apart

·        steep slope:  represented by lines that are close together

·        map scale:  shows the distance on a map

·        map legend:  a key that explains the symbols used on a map

·        hachure lines:  a depression in the land
·      contour interval:  the difference in elevation between two contour intervals

·        sea level:  elevation = 0

·        cartographer:  someone who makes maps; a mapmaker

Rules of Contour Lines

·        Contour lines connect points that are the same elevation

·        Contour lines never cross or touch

·        Contour lines are imaginary

·       They always connect (even if not the map) and form a circle

Things to Know!

·        A group of circles grouped together represents a hill or a mountain                   

·        How to determine the contour interval on a topographic map (what elevation each line represents)